Thenkalai

Thenkalai is a distinct tradition within Sri Vaishnavism, a denomination of Hinduism. It is one of the two major sub-schools of Sri Vaishnavism, the other being Vadakalai. The primary difference between Thenkalai and Vadakalai lies in their interpretations of certain theological concepts, particularly concerning the relationship between the devotee, the divine, and the role of divine grace.

Thenkalai theology emphasizes what is known as "prapatti" or self-surrender to Vishnu. Proponents of Thenkalai believe that the grace of Vishnu is bestowed unconditionally upon the devotee who sincerely surrenders, without requiring any effort or merit from the devotee's side. This is often likened to the way a mother monkey carries its young, where the young must hold on.

In contrast, Vadakalai emphasizes "bhakti" or devotion, and a more active role for the devotee in attaining salvation. The Vadakalai school is often described as believing in the "cat-philosophy," where the divine (like a mother cat) carries the devotee (its kitten) to safety. This implies a more direct and active intervention by the divine based on the devotee's devotion.

These theological differences have historically manifested in various practices and interpretations within Sri Vaishnavism, including differences in temple rituals, the recitation of certain mantras, and the philosophy behind achieving liberation (moksha). The name "Thenkalai" itself means "Southern School" in Tamil, reflecting its geographical origins and prevalence in the southern regions of Tamil Nadu.