Tetanusimmunoglobulin

Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) is a human-derived immunoglobulin preparation that provides passive immunity against tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin). It contains antibodies that can neutralize circulating toxin and is used in conjunction with active tetanus vaccination to reduce the risk of disease after exposure. TIG does not provide long-term protection and does not substitute for vaccination.

Indications for TIG include post-exposure prophylaxis in individuals with unknown or incomplete tetanus vaccination who have wounds with potential tetanus risk, particularly dirty or severe wounds or wounds in people with uncertain vaccination status. It may also be used as part of the treatment for suspected tetanus to neutralize circulating toxin, when administered with appropriate wound care, antibiotics, and tetanus toxoid vaccination. TIG is typically administered at separate injection sites from the tetanus vaccine.

Administration and dosing are determined by age, weight, wound severity, and vaccination history. TIG is given by intramuscular injection, and timing is important: it should be administered as soon as exposure is identified, ideally within 48 hours, and in conjunction with tetanus toxoid to promote active immunity. If there is evidence of adequate prior vaccination, TIG may not be needed.

Safety and manufacturing considerations include that TIG is produced from pooled human plasma, with screening and pathogen-reactivation steps to minimize infectious risk. Potential adverse reactions include localized injection site reactions and, rarely, hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis. TIG use requires medical oversight, and patients should be monitored for adverse effects. Storage typically requires refrigeration.