Tetanusdiphteriapertussis

Tetanusdiphteriapertussis, commonly referred to in medical practice as the tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine, is a combined immunization that protects against three bacterial diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). In children the vaccine is given as a series called DTaP; in adolescents and adults it is given as Tdap or Td with Tdap replacing one of the doses.

Tetanus is caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani and can lead to muscle stiffness and severe spasms. Diphtheria can cause a thick coating in the throat, leading to breathing difficulties, while pertussis causes prolonged, severe coughing that can be particularly dangerous for infants. The vaccine does not treat these diseases once infection occurs but aims to prevent them through active immunity.

Immunization schedules vary by country but commonly include a primary series of DTaP doses given in infancy (for example at about 2, 4, 6, and 12–18 months) and a booster at 4–6 years. A Tdap booster is routinely recommended once during adolescence (around 11–12 years) and then every 10 years for adults, with an additional Tdap dose during each pregnancy to protect the newborn. Schedules can differ, so local guidelines should be consulted.

Safety and contraindications: Most reactions are mild, such as redness or soreness at the injection site, or a low fever. Serious adverse events are rare. Contraindications include a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or any component of the vaccine, or a moderate-to-severe acute illness; pregnant individuals should follow current guidelines for Tdap administration.