Testiklene
Testiklene are the paired gonads of many male vertebrates, including humans, where the term is used in some languages as the plural form of the organ commonly called the testicle or testis. They produce sperm and secrete androgens, primarily testosterone, which drive male development and physiology. In humans, the testes are typically located in the scrotum, separate from the abdominal cavity, allowing temperature regulation essential for sperm production.
Each testis contains seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs; interstitial cells of Leydig produce testosterone; the tunica
Development and function: During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the gonads; in XY individuals
Clinical significance: Common conditions include testicular torsion (twisting that cuts blood supply), germ cell tumors (seminomas
Evolution and variation: In most mammals the testes descend into the scrotum and rely on external cooling.