Taylorizmus

Taylorism, also known as Scientific Management, was a management theory developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Taylor sought to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity, through the analysis and synthesis of workflows. His core principles focused on breaking down jobs into their smallest, most efficient components, standardizing tools and procedures, and selecting workers for specific tasks based on their physical and intellectual capabilities.

Key elements of Taylorism included time-and-motion studies, where workers' actions were meticulously observed and timed to identify inefficiencies. Taylor advocated for a clear division of labor between management, who would plan and design the work, and the workers, who would execute it. He also promoted the idea of "a fair day's work" and argued that workers should be paid a premium for exceeding established productivity standards. The goal was to eliminate waste, increase output, and reduce costs, ultimately benefiting both employers and employees through higher wages and lower prices.

While Taylorism led to significant increases in industrial productivity and became a foundational concept in management science, it also faced criticism. Critics argued that it dehumanized labor, reduced workers to mere cogs in a machine, and fostered alienation and discontent. The emphasis on efficiency and standardization was seen as ignoring the psychological and social needs of workers. Despite these criticisms, many of Taylor's core ideas influenced subsequent management practices and continue to be debated and adapted in modern industrial and organizational psychology.