Tausug

The Tausug are an indigenous ethnolinguistic group native to the Sulu Archipelago in the southwestern Philippines. They form a substantial part of the population on the islands of Jolo, Basilan, and the Sulu and Tawi-Tawi municipalities, with communities in Mindanao and in Sabah, Malaysia. They speak the Tausug language and are predominantly Muslim.

The Tausug language is widely spoken in the Sulu Archipelago and surrounding areas. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family and is commonly written in the Latin script; historically, Arabic script (Jawi) has also been used. Dialects exist within the speech community.

Historically, the Tausug formed the core of the Sultanate of Sulu, a maritime realm that controlled much of the Sulu Sea trade and diplomacy in the region. They developed a strong seafaring tradition and participated in regional commerce with neighboring groups and foreign traders. In modern times, Tausug communities have interacted with Spanish, American, and Philippine authorities, while social organization has included sultans, datus, and local councils guided by Islamic law.

Culture and economy: The Tausug retain a maritime-oriented culture with crafts and skills such as boat building, fishing, and farming. They are known for traditional music and performing arts, including kulintang ensembles, as well as distinctive dress and dances. Weaving, woodcarving, and other crafts also contribute to local economies.

Modern era: In the Philippines, Tausug communities are a major Muslim group in the southern region and participate in regional politics, education, and development. Diaspora communities in Sabah, Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia maintain language and cultural practices, sustaining ties with their homeland while adapting to new settings.