Tarnekindluste

Tarnekindluste is the Estonian term for cargo insurance policies, i.e., contracts that provide compensation to the insured for loss or damage to goods during transport. They cover shipments by road, rail, sea, air, or multimodal transport, from the point of origin to the agreed destination. There are two main policy forms: voyage policies, which cover a single shipment, and open or yearly policies, which cover all shipments by the insured over a period. Coverage can be all-risks (all perils except specified exclusions) or named perils. In all-risks, most physical risks are covered; named-peril policies cover only listed risks such as fire, collision, theft, water damage, etc.

Common exclusions include inherent vice (the tendency of the goods to spoil or degrade), normal wear and tear, delay, insufficient packaging, war, strikes, and sanctions. Policies may also exclude loss resulting from insolvency, failure to declare accurate values, or illegal transport.

Claims: when loss or damage occurs, the insured must notify the insurer promptly, preserve evidence, and submit proof of loss. A surveyor may assess the damage; settlement is typically based on the value of the goods, subject to terms, deductibles, and coinsurance.

Relation to other concepts: cargo insurance is often coordinated with Incoterms and carrier liability regimes (e.g., CMR, Rotterdam rules). It complements carrier liability by covering items not recoverable under carrier responsibility, and it is a key component of supply chain risk management.