Tarmceller

Tarmceller, also known as intestinal cells or enterocytes, are specialized cells that form the lining of the small intestine. Their primary function is to absorb nutrients from digested food and transport them into the bloodstream. These cells are characterized by their unique structure, featuring a brush border composed of microvilli, which greatly increases the surface area available for absorption. This extensive surface area allows for efficient uptake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Within the enterocyte, specialized transport proteins facilitate the movement of different nutrients across the cell membrane. For example, glucose and amino acids are absorbed via active transport mechanisms, while fatty acids are absorbed through diffusion and then reassembled into triglycerides within the cell. The enterocytes also play a role in the secretion of certain enzymes involved in digestion, such as disaccharidases that break down complex sugars.

The intestinal lining is constantly regenerating, with new enterocytes being produced in the crypts of the intestine and migrating towards the villi. This rapid turnover ensures the integrity and functionality of the absorptive surface. Tarmceller are also crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier, preventing the passage of harmful substances and pathogens from the gut lumen into the body. Their health and proper functioning are vital for overall nutrient status and digestive health.