Tarkkuuserot

Tarkkuuserot is a term used in measurement science to describe differences in accuracy between measurements, measurement methods, or instruments. It refers to the discrepancies that arise when two or more sources of measurement do not yield exactly the same result for the same quantity. The concept encompasses both systematic deviations (bias) and random deviations (variability) that affect how closely a result matches a true value or a reference standard.

Causes of tarkkuuserot include calibration errors, instrument drift, resolution limits, nonlinearity, environmental conditions, sample handling, and differences in data processing or interpretation. They can occur within a single instrument over time or between different instruments, laboratories, or measurement methods.

Assessment and quantification typically involve paired or parallel measurements, statistical analyses of differences, and methods to establish agreement. Common approaches include calculating the mean difference and standard deviation, root-mean-square error, or limits of agreement. Visual tools such as Bland–Altman plots and regression analyses are often used to understand the nature and magnitude of tarkkuuserot.

Applications of the concept span metrology, quality control, laboratory analytics, sensor networks, and data fusion. It supports calibration, method validation, inter-laboratory comparisons, and the development of traceable measurement chains. Reducing tarkkuuserot relies on standardized procedures, regular calibration against traceable standards, instrument maintenance, harmonized measurement protocols, and environmental control, complemented by corrections or harmonization algorithms when appropriate.

In Finnish-language literature, tarkkuuserot is discussed as a practical measure of cross-method or cross-instrument agreement, helping to ensure reliability and comparability of measurements across contexts.