Taiji

Taiji, written 太极 and often translated as the Great Ultimate, is a core concept in Chinese philosophy and cosmology. It denotes the primordial source from which the elements of the universe differentiate, typically described as the transformation from Wuji (the undefined, limitless state) into yin and yang, the complementary opposites whose interaction underpins seasonal change, growth, and change. The Taijitu, the familiar black-and-white symbol, represents this dynamic balance of opposing forces.

In martial arts, Taiji Chuan (Tai Chi Chuan) refers to a Chinese internal martial art pursued for health, self-defense, and cultivation. It emphasizes soft, continuous movements, balanced structure, deep relaxed breathing, and the coordinated use of internal energy or qi. Styles vary, with Yang, Chen, Wu, Wu/Hao, and Sun being among the most practiced. Training typically includes solo forms, partner exercises like push-hands, and weapon routines. A wide range of forms exists, from short to long, including a well-known 24-form set used for international teaching.

Beyond combat technique, Taiji is often taught as a method of relaxation, mindfulness, and physical conditioning. Practitioners aim for postural alignment, fluidity of motion, and the cultivation of energy through slow, deliberate practice. Scientific studies have explored benefits such as improved balance, flexibility, and mental well-being, with results varying by protocol and population.

Taiji remains a prominent element of Chinese cultural heritage and is taught worldwide, reflecting both philosophical depth and practical health-oriented practice.