TDFcontaining

TDF-containing refers to pharmaceutical regimens that include tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection. TDF is a prodrug of tenofovir; after oral administration it is converted to the active tenofovir diphosphate inside cells, where it inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase and blocks viral DNA synthesis.

In HIV treatment, TDF-containing regimens typically combine TDF with emtricitabine (FTC) and a third antiretroviral agent such as an integrase inhibitor (for example, dolutegravir) or a boosted protease inhibitor. They are commonly available as fixed-dose single-tablet regimens, which support adherence. TDF-containing regimens are also used in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as TDF/FTC.

Safety and monitoring: TDF can cause renal toxicity, including proximal tubular dysfunction, and has been associated with declines in bone mineral density in some patients. Monitoring usually includes baseline and periodic assessment of renal function (creatinine clearance or eGFR) and, with long-term use, bone health. Dose adjustments may be required in significant renal impairment. TDF is generally considered safe in pregnancy when used under medical supervision. Drug interactions and comorbidities can influence regimen choice.

Relation to alternatives: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is another prodrug of tenofovir that achieves similar antiviral activity with lower plasma exposure to tenofovir, often resulting in improved renal and bone safety. Despite this, TDF-containing regimens remain widely used due to cost, availability, and established fixed-dose combinations, and continue to feature in many guideline recommendations.