Tõusma

Tõusma is an Estonian verb meaning to rise, to get up from a resting position, to ascend, and also to increase or grow in level, amount, or intensity. It covers both physical movement, such as standing up, and figurative increases, such as prices, temperatures, or numbers.

The verb is intransitive and is commonly used in everyday and formal language. In the present tense its standard forms are: ma tõusen, sa tõused, ta tõuseb, me tõuseme, te tõusete, nad tõusevad. The past tense forms include: ma tõusin, sa tõusid, ta tõusis, me tõusime, te tõusite, nad tõusid. The perfect aspect is formed with olema plus the past participle, for example, ma olen tõusnud (I have risen).

Usage and examples: Physically, “tõusma” describes waking or standing up, e.g., Ma tõusen varakult voodist. Intransitive use with ascent or movement upward is common, as in Päike tõuseb itestad. For figurative rise, it describes increases, such as Hinnad tõusevad (Prices rise) or Temperatuur tõuseb (Temperature rises).

Etymology and related forms: Tõusma is derived from the Finnic root for rise, linked to the noun tõus (a rise or ascent). Present participle is tõusev (rising), and past participle is tõusnud (risen). The word pairs conceptually with related terms such as tõus (rise), tõusmine (the act of rising), and tõusta (a closely related verb form used in some contexts to express ascent or increase).