Süljenäärmeid

Süljenäärmeid, known in English as salivary glands, are exocrine glands in the mouths of most vertebrates. They produce saliva, a fluid that plays a crucial role in digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene. In humans, there are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. Numerous smaller, minor salivary glands are also scattered throughout the oral mucosa.

The parotid glands are the largest, located on either side of the face, in front of and below the ears. They primarily secrete serous saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase that begin carbohydrate digestion. The submandibular glands, situated beneath the lower jaw, produce a mixed secretion of both serous and mucous saliva, contributing significantly to saliva volume. The sublingual glands, located under the tongue, primarily secrete mucous saliva, which aids in lubricating food for swallowing.

Saliva's functions extend beyond digestion. It helps moisten food, making it easier to chew and swallow, and it contains antibacterial compounds that protect the mouth from infection. Saliva also facilitates taste by dissolving food particles. Disorders affecting salivary glands can lead to a range of issues, including dry mouth (xerostomia), infections, and the formation of stones within the ducts.