Säiliöreaktorit

Säiliöreaktorit, known in English as tank reactors, are a fundamental type of chemical reactor widely used in industrial processes. They are characterized by their simple design, typically a vessel where reactants are mixed and allowed to react. The most common form is the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), where fresh feed is continuously added and product is continuously removed, while an impeller ensures uniform mixing and temperature distribution. Batch reactors, on the other hand, are loaded with reactants, allowed to react for a specific period, and then emptied, offering flexibility for smaller-scale production or when frequent product changes are needed.

The operation of säiliöreaktorit can be isothermal or adiabatic, depending on the heat transfer capabilities. Many säiliöreaktorit are equipped with jackets or internal coils to add or remove heat, allowing for precise temperature control, which is crucial for reaction rate and selectivity. The residence time distribution within a CSTR is exponential, meaning that some fluid elements spend longer in the reactor than others. This characteristic influences the conversion achieved. Säiliöreaktorit are versatile and can be used for a wide range of reactions, including liquid-phase, gas-phase, and multiphase systems. Their simplicity, ease of control, and relatively low cost make them a popular choice for many chemical manufacturing applications.