Sálání

Sálání, also known as salivation, is the production of saliva, a clear, watery fluid that moistens the mouth and aids in digestion. It is a normal physiological process that occurs throughout the day, with the average person producing about one liter of saliva daily. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health by helping to cleanse the teeth and mouth, and it also contains enzymes that begin the process of breaking down carbohydrates.

Salivation is regulated by both the autonomic nervous system and hormones. The parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's rest and digest functions, stimulates salivation. Conversely, the sympathetic nervous system, which is activated during stress or excitement, inhibits salivation. Hormones such as gastrin and cholecystokinin can also stimulate salivation, particularly in response to the sight, smell, or thought of food.

Excessive salivation, known as hypersalivation, can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, and certain medications. Conversely, reduced salivation, or hyposalivation, can be caused by dehydration, radiation therapy, or certain medications. Both conditions can lead to oral health issues, such as dry mouth, tooth decay, and gum disease.

Sálání can be measured using various methods, including the Schirmer test, which involves placing a filter paper strip in the mouth and measuring the amount of saliva that wets the strip over a set period. This test is commonly used in clinical settings to assess oral health and diagnose conditions related to salivation.