Szénizáció

Szénizáció is a Hungarian term referring to the process of carbonization. It generally describes the thermal decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen, or with a limited supply of it, at elevated temperatures. This process results in the formation of a solid residue that is rich in carbon, often called char or coke, along with the release of volatile gases and liquids.

The specific conditions, such as temperature, heating rate, and the type of organic material, significantly influence the outcome of szénizáció. It is a fundamental process in various industrial applications. For instance, in metallurgy, szénizáció of coal produces coke, which is essential for iron and steel production. In agriculture and environmental management, it is employed to convert biomass into biochar, a stable form of carbon that can improve soil quality and sequester carbon.

Szénizáció is also relevant in the production of activated carbon, a highly porous material used for filtration and purification. The history of carbonization techniques dates back centuries, with early applications focusing on fuel production. Modern scientific research continues to explore and optimize szénizáció processes for a wider range of materials and applications, aiming for greater efficiency and sustainability.