Szabadgyökös

Szabadgyökös is a Hungarian term that translates to "free radical" in English. In chemistry, a free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. This unpaired electron makes the species highly reactive, as it readily seeks to pair up with another electron to achieve a more stable electron configuration.

Free radicals are formed through various processes, including natural metabolic reactions within living organisms, exposure to radiation (such as UV light), and chemical reactions. In biological systems, free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), play a dual role. While they are involved in essential cellular functions like signaling and immune responses, an excessive accumulation of free radicals can lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of free radicals overwhelms the body's antioxidant defenses.

This imbalance can damage cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to aging and the development of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals by donating an electron, thereby preventing or reducing cellular damage. The concept of szabadgyökös is therefore fundamental to understanding oxidative processes in both chemistry and biology.