Synoviaalikerros

Synoviaalikerros, also known as the synovial layer, is a vital component of synovial joints, which are freely movable joints found in the limbs and other parts of the body such as the knees, elbows, and shoulders. This specialized inner lining of the joint capsule is responsible for producing synovial fluid, a viscous, lubricating substance that minimizes friction between the articulating surfaces of bones, facilitating smooth movement.

The synoviaalikerros consists primarily of synoviocytes, which are specialized cells that secrete hyaluronic acid and other components essential for the fluid's viscosity and nutritional support. This layer is thin but highly active, adapting dynamically to changes in joint movement and load. It also plays a role in immune response and joint repair, helping maintain joint health and function.

Structurally, the synoviaalikerros is a soft tissue layer located between the articular cartilage—covering the ends of bones—and the inner surface of the joint capsule. It is characterized by a rich blood supply and an extensive network of capillaries that supply nutrients and remove waste products, supporting the metabolic needs of synoviocytes.

Pathologically, inflammation of the synoviaalikerros, known as synovitis, can lead to joint swelling, pain, and impaired mobility. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis involve an immune-mediated attack on this layer, disrupting normal synovial fluid production and joint function.

In summary, the synoviaalikerros is a crucial tissue layer that facilitates joint mobility, provides nourishment to cartilage, and contributes to joint health. Its proper functioning is essential for pain-free and efficient movement in the human body.