Synkronimotoreissa

Synkronimotorissa is a type of AC electric motor where the rotor rotates at the same speed as the rotating magnetic field of the stator. This synchronization is a defining characteristic and distinguishes it from induction motors, where the rotor always spins slightly slower than the stator field. The rotor of a synchronous motor is typically magnetized either by permanent magnets or by a DC current supplied to windings on the rotor.

The operation of a synchronous motor relies on the principle of magnetic locking. The stator winding, when supplied with AC power, creates a rotating magnetic field. The rotor, being a magnet itself (either permanent or electromagnetically induced), is attracted to and locks onto this rotating field, thus rotating at the same speed. This inherent synchronicity makes synchronous motors suitable for applications requiring precise speed control, regardless of load variations.

Advantages of synchronous motors include their ability to maintain a constant speed, high efficiency, and the capability to operate at a leading power factor. This last point means they can be used to improve the overall power factor of an electrical system, reducing energy losses and potentially lowering electricity costs. However, synchronous motors generally require a DC excitation system for the rotor, which adds complexity and cost compared to simpler induction motors. They also typically require a starting mechanism, as they cannot self-start under load. Despite these considerations, their precise speed and power factor correction capabilities make them valuable in many industrial and specialized applications.