Swedging

Swedging is a metalworking process used to reduce the cross-sectional area of a metal rod or bar. It is a type of cold forming where the material is hammered or pressed between shaped dies. The dies have a cavity that is smaller than the original stock, and as the dies strike the metal, the material is forced to flow into the reduced cavity, thereby elongating it and decreasing its diameter or other cross-sectional dimensions. This process is distinct from drawing, which pulls the material through a die.

The term swedging can be applied to various forms of this technique. Rotary swedging involves rotating dies that strike the workpiece repeatedly, creating a hammering action. Reciprocating swedging uses dies that move back and forth. Impact swedging is another term for processes that utilize repeated impacts. Swedging is often used to create tapered shapes, reduce the diameter of wire, or form points on rods. It can also be used to create hollow shapes, although this is less common and may require a mandrel.

The benefits of swedging include the ability to achieve precise dimensions, improve the grain structure of the metal, and increase its tensile strength due to work hardening. It is a cost-effective method for producing many small parts or for modifying existing stock. The process is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing for producing components like shafts, pins, and fasteners.