Svovelarter

Svovelarter is a Norwegian geological term that refers to sulfur-bearing minerals and sulfur-rich ore veins, typically formed in hydrothermal systems. The name combines svovel (sulfur) with arter (bearing minerals or ore types), and the concept is used to describe mineral deposits dominated by sulfur-containing species.

Definition and composition

Svovelarter denotes mineral assemblages in which sulfur plays a primary role, including native sulfur and common sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1−xS), marcasite, sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and bornite. Sulfate minerals can also occur in related assemblages, but sulfur-bearing sulfides are characteristic. The exact mineralogy varies with conditions of formation and the geochemical composition of the hydrothermal fluids.

Formation and occurrence

Svovelarter deposits form when metal-rich fluids move through fractures in rocks and precipitate sulfur-bearing minerals as temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions change. They are commonly found in hydrothermal vein systems, often associated with quartz and calcite veining, and can occur in a range of tectonic settings, including volcanic regions, subduction zones, and sedimentary basins with diagenetic sulfide mineralization.

Economic significance and environmental aspects

These deposits are important sources of base metals such as zinc, lead, and copper, as well as sulfur. Mining and processing must address environmental concerns, particularly the oxidation of sulfides, which can generate acid mine drainage and related environmental impacts.

See also: Sulfide minerals, Hydrothermal ore deposits, Sulfur in geology.