Surxondaryo

Surxondaryo Region, also transliterated Surkhandarya, is the southernmost administrative region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. Its capital is Termez. The region lies in the southern part of the country along the Amu Darya, near the Afghan border, and includes the fertile Termez oasis and surrounding arid landscapes.

Geography features the Amu Darya river valley, the Termez oasis, and eastern foothills reaching into the Hissar ranges. The climate is largely arid to semi-arid, with hot summers and cool winters; irrigation supports agriculture across the oasis and nearby croplands.

Historically, the region has deep roots in Central Asian civilizations. Termez was a major Silk Road city and a site of early Buddhist and later Islamic culture. Throughout the medieval and modern eras, it served as a key frontier and trade hub in southern Uzbekistan.

The economy relies on agriculture, especially cotton, grains, and a range of fruits such as grapes and melons, supported by irrigation from the Amu Darya. Cross-border trade with Afghanistan and regional transport links contribute to growth; Termez hosts the regional airport and road connections.

Population is predominantly Uzbek, with minority communities including Tajiks and Turkmens. Uzbek is the principal language, with local languages spoken in communities. The region is divided into several districts (tumanlar) and the city of Termez serves as the administrative center.