Sulfaatdeeltjes

Sulfaatdeeltjes, also known as sulfate aerosols, are microscopic particles composed of sulfate ions. They form in the atmosphere through the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are released from both natural sources like volcanic eruptions and biological processes, and anthropogenic sources such as the burning of fossil fuels and industrial activities. These particles are a significant component of atmospheric aerosols.

Once formed, sulfaatdeeltjes can remain suspended in the atmosphere for days to weeks, traveling long distances. They play a crucial role in Earth's radiation balance. Due to their reflective properties, they scatter incoming solar radiation back into space, leading to a cooling effect on the climate. This phenomenon is known as aerosol-cloud interactions and can influence cloud formation and properties.

However, sulfaatdeeltjes also contribute to negative environmental and health impacts. They are a major component of acid rain, which can damage forests, acidify lakes and rivers, and corrode buildings and monuments. Inhalation of fine sulfate particles can also exacerbate respiratory problems like asthma and bronchitis, and contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to reduce sulfur emissions from industrial processes and power plants have led to a decrease in sulfate aerosol concentrations in many regions, mitigating some of these adverse effects.