Sulatamata

Sulatamata is a small genus of freshwater catfish that belongs to the family Catadrenidae. First described in 1983 by ichthyologist G. M. Denning, the genus currently contains two species: Sulatamata amazonica and Sulatamata mirabilis. Both species are endemic to the lowland river systems of northern South America, primarily the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Individuals typically range from 3.5 to 7.2 centimeters in standard length, though larger specimens have been recorded in the Andean tributaries.

These fish are distinguished by their laterally compressed bodies and a distinctive pattern of iridescent, sub‑scales that reflect light in a shimmering blue-green hue. Their dorsal fin is modified into a stout, spine‑like structure used for anchoring in slow, debris‑laden waters. Sulatamata species possess a highly developed olfactory system, allowing them to navigate murky environments and locate detritus and small invertebrates that constitute their diet. They are primarily nocturnal feeders that sift through fine sediment to extract copepods, insect larvae, and organic detritus.

Reproductive behavior in Sulatamata is poorly understood, but preliminary observations suggest that breeding occurs during the onset of the rainy season, when water levels rise and food abundance increases. Spawning is believed to take place in subterranean caves and rock crevices, with larvae developing within protective catgut secretions.

Anthropogenic impacts on Sulatamata habitats include deforestation, mining runoff, and river damming, which reduce sediment turnover and water quality. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed Sulatamata amazonica as Near Threatened, while Sulatamata mirabilis remains data deficient. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, pollution mitigation, and further ecological research to clarify species status and improve management plans.