Substantiiveja

Substantiiveja is the plural form of substantiivi in Finnish, referring to nouns. In grammar, substantiivit name people, places, things, and abstract concepts. They form the core of noun phrases and function as subjects, objects, and predicative complements in sentences. Finnish nouns have no grammatical gender and no definite or indefinite articles.

Morphology: Nouns are declined for number (singular and plural) and a rich system of grammatical cases that expresses relationships such as possession, location, and movement. The base form is typically the nominative; other forms include genitive, partitive, and several locative cases (for example inessive, elative, illative, adessive, and ablative). Noun stems may undergo consonant gradation, and many nouns accept possessive suffixes to indicate ownership (for example taloni for "my house", talosi for "your house").

Definiteness and usage: Finnish nouns do not use articles; definiteness is shown through demonstratives or context. Nouns are divided into common and proper types and can be countable or mass. They can be pluralized regularly or with stem changes, and new nouns are often created by compounding or derivation from adjectives or verbs. Capitalization applies to proper nouns.

In usage, substantiiveja combine with adjectives, numerals, and demonstratives to form noun phrases. They are the primary carriers of semantic content in sentence structures and interact with verbs through case-marked agreement and syntactic roles. Learning Finnish nouns involves understanding case endings, possessive forms, and the ways definiteness and number are encoded without articles.