Subchondralknochen

Subchondral bone refers to the layer of bone immediately beneath the cartilage in a joint. This specialized bone tissue plays a crucial role in supporting the articular cartilage and withstanding the mechanical stresses experienced during joint movement. It is characterized by its dense, mineralized structure, which provides a rigid base for the more flexible cartilage.

The subchondral bone is intimately connected to the overlying articular cartilage through a transitional zone. This connection is vital for the health and function of the entire joint. Blood vessels from the subchondral bone supply nutrients to the deeper layers of the cartilage, which lacks its own blood supply. Conversely, the cartilage distributes pressure and load to the subchondral bone.

Changes in the subchondral bone can have significant implications for joint health. In conditions like osteoarthritis, the subchondral bone can thicken and become sclerotic, a process known as subchondral sclerosis. This thickening is often a response to increased mechanical stress and can alter the way forces are transmitted through the joint, potentially exacerbating cartilage damage. Subchondral cysts, fluid-filled cavities within the bone, can also form and contribute to pain and joint instability. Understanding the structure and function of subchondral bone is important in diagnosing and managing various joint diseases.