Stratifikácie

Stratifikácie refers to the process of arranging or classifying something into distinct layers or levels. In sociology, it specifically denotes the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society based on factors such as wealth, income, social status, occupation, education, or power. This societal stratification creates a social structure where different strata possess varying degrees of access to resources and opportunities.

The concept of stratification is a fundamental aspect of social inequality. Societies can be stratified in various ways, leading to different forms of social class systems. These systems can range from open, where individuals can move between strata (social mobility), to closed, where movement is very limited or impossible. Historical examples include caste systems, feudalism, and modern class societies.

Understanding stratification helps explain social disparities, patterns of behavior, and the distribution of power and privilege. It influences life chances, affecting everything from health outcomes and educational attainment to political influence and personal relationships. The study of stratification involves analyzing the causes and consequences of these social divisions and exploring the mechanisms through which they are maintained or challenged. Different theoretical perspectives, such as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, offer distinct explanations for the existence and persistence of social stratification.