Strahlentoxizität

Strahlentoxizität refers to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms. This damage occurs when radiation energy interacts with biological molecules, leading to DNA damage, cell death, or cellular dysfunction. The severity of the effects depends on several factors, including the dose of radiation received, the rate at which it is delivered, the type of radiation, and the sensitivity of the exposed tissues.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, can occur after exposure to high doses of radiation over a short period. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the dose and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, and skin burns. In severe cases, ARS can lead to damage to the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system, potentially resulting in death.

Long-term effects of radiation exposure can include an increased risk of developing cancer later in life. Radiation can cause mutations in DNA that may lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Other chronic effects can involve damage to organs like the heart, lungs, and eyes, and can affect fertility. Radiation toxicity can also manifest as cataracts, or damage to the immune system.

Minimizing exposure to ionizing radiation is crucial for preventing its toxic effects. This is achieved through radiation protection principles such as time, distance, and shielding. Medical imaging techniques and radiation therapy treatments are carefully managed to balance the benefits of diagnosis and treatment against the potential risks of radiation exposure.