Strafverfolgungsmaßnahmen

Strafverfolgung, or criminal prosecution, is the state-led process of addressing alleged crimes. It encompasses the investigation of suspected offenses, the determination of whether there is sufficient evidence to bring charges, and the prosecution of defendants before criminal courts.

In many German-speaking jurisdictions, it is carried out primarily by public prosecutors (Staatsanwaltschaft) and police. The prosecutor's office directs investigations, gathers and assesses evidence, and decides whether to file charges. The police conduct field investigations under the prosecutor's supervision. Courts then adjudicate, determine guilt or innocence, and impose sentences.

The process follows codified criminal procedure rules. Suspects have rights, including the presumption of innocence and the right to defense. Cases may be dismissed if evidence is lacking, or proceed to trial with evidence presented by the prosecution and defense. In some jurisdictions, prosecutors may also offer diversion or alternatives to prosecution in appropriate cases. The precise procedures, safeguards, and standards of proof differ among Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and other jurisdictions.

Internationally, Strafverfolgung interacts with human rights law, cross-border investigations, and extradition frameworks. It forms part of the broader criminal justice system, balancing public safety with individual rights and due process.