Stoßverletzungen

Stoßverletzungen, also known as contusions or bruises, are injuries to soft tissues that occur when a blunt object strikes the body. This impact causes damage to small blood vessels, capillaries, and sometimes larger vessels beneath the skin, leading to bleeding into the surrounding tissues. The characteristic discoloration of a bruise, typically appearing as blue, purple, or black initially, is due to the presence of hemoglobin from the broken blood vessels. Over time, as the hemoglobin breaks down, the color of the bruise changes, often progressing through green, yellow, and brown hues before fading.

The severity of a stoßverletzung can vary greatly. Minor contusions may cause only slight pain and tenderness, while more severe ones can result in significant swelling, pain, and even a palpable lump or hematoma. In some cases, deep muscle contusions can lead to a condition known as a "bone bruise," which involves damage to the periosteum or underlying bone structure, causing more intense and prolonged pain.

Diagnosis of a stoßverletzung is usually made through a physical examination and by evaluating the patient's history of the injury. Imaging techniques like X-rays may be used to rule out fractures, and ultrasound or MRI can be employed to assess more severe soft tissue damage or internal bleeding. Treatment typically involves RICE therapy: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Pain relief can be achieved with over-the-counter analgesics. Most stoßverletzungen heal within a few weeks without long-term complications, though persistent or severe pain, or signs of infection, warrant medical attention.