Stomsystemen

Stomsystemen, or electrical power systems, are the networks and equipment that generate, transmit, transform, distribute, and deliver electric energy from producers to consumers. They are designed to maintain continuous, safe, and economical supply at the correct voltage and frequency.

A typical stomsysteem comprises generation sources (thermal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable plants), the high-voltage transmission network, substations and transformers, and the distribution network that delivers electricity to homes, industries, and service points. The system can include decentralized generation, such as rooftop solar, and energy storage facilities connected at various points in the network.

Operation requires real-time balance between generation and consumption to maintain frequency and voltage within limits. Centralized control centers use SCADA and energy-management systems to monitor equipment, coordinate generation dispatch, and manage power flows. Protection systems, including relays and circuit breakers, automatically isolate faults to prevent outages and equipment damage. Grids are designed to meet reliability criteria (for example N-1) and to minimize customer interruptions.

Trends in stomsystemen include greater integration of intermittent renewables, energy storage, and demand-side management; the development of microgrids and distributed energy resources; and the deployment of smart-grid technologies that enhance monitoring, automation, cybersecurity, and resilience. Standards and regulations continue to evolve to address safety, interoperability, and market operation.