Stomachache

Stomachache is a common term for abdominal pain or discomfort felt in the stomach area. It can be acute, lasting hours to days, or chronic. Pain may be steady, cramping, sharp, or burning and may be accompanied by bloating, gas, or belching.

Causes range from benign, self-limiting problems such as indigestion, overeating, gas, or a viral gastroenteritis, to more serious conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, kidney stones, or intestinal obstruction. Certain foods, medications (including NSAIDs), alcohol, and stress can contribute. In children the list is similar but often viral infection or dehydration is common.

Common accompanying symptoms include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, fever, or blood in stool or vomit. If pain is severe, involves the right lower quadrant, or is accompanied by fever, dehydration, persistent vomiting, confusion, or if the person cannot keep fluids down, seek urgent care. For persistent pain lasting more than a few days, evaluation by a clinician is advised.

Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination; may include urine or blood tests, stool tests, or imaging to identify the cause. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve fluid replacement, dietary changes, antacids, antiemetics, or prescription medications. Most mild cases improve with rest and hydration. Avoiding NSAIDs and alcohol may help some conditions.

Most stomachaches improve within a short period. Preventive tips include regular meals, adequate fluids, moderate fiber, limit fatty or spicy foods, hand hygiene, and vaccination where applicable (for example, rotavirus vaccination in children).