Stoßfänger

Stoßfänger, also known as bumpers, are components attached to the front and rear of a motor vehicle. Their primary purpose is to absorb impact in low-speed collisions, thereby protecting the occupants and the vehicle's more critical components from damage. Early bumpers were often made of metal and were designed to withstand significant impacts. Modern stoßfänger are typically made of plastic or composite materials, incorporating a foam or energy-absorbing structure behind the outer shell. This design allows them to deform and dissipate energy more effectively during a collision.

The design of stoßfänger has evolved significantly over the years, influenced by safety regulations, aerodynamic considerations, and aesthetic trends. In many countries, safety standards dictate the performance requirements for stoßfänger in terms of impact absorption and the prevention of under-ride. Pedestrian safety has also become a factor in stoßfänger design, with considerations for reducing leg injuries in the event of a pedestrian strike. The integration of stoßfänger into the overall bodywork of a vehicle has also become more seamless, contributing to a smoother and more modern appearance. They often house other components such as lights, sensors for driver-assistance systems, and tow hooks.