Stjórnskipulagsbreytingar

Stjórnskipulag is the Icelandic term for the constitutional framework and governmental structure of Iceland. It defines how the country is governed, the distribution of power among its branches, and the rights and responsibilities of its citizens. Iceland operates as a parliamentary republic, with a president serving as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The legislative power rests with the Althing, one of the oldest parliaments in the world. The Althing is a unicameral body composed of 63 members elected for four-year terms.

The executive branch is led by the Prime Minister, who is typically the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Althing. The Prime Minister and their cabinet are responsible for implementing laws and managing the day-to-day affairs of the government. The judicial branch is independent and consists of a Supreme Court (Hæstiréttur) and lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in Iceland.

The constitutional basis for the stjórnskipulag is the Constitution of Iceland (Stjórnarskrá Íslands), which outlines the fundamental principles of the state, including the separation of powers, human rights, and the electoral system. Amendments to the constitution are a rigorous process, requiring approval by the Althing and then by a national referendum. The stjórnskipulag emphasizes democratic principles, ensuring citizen participation through regular elections and the protection of individual freedoms.