Squalodon

Squalodon is an extinct genus of toothed whale that lived during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs, approximately 33 to 15 million years ago. Fossils of Squalodon have been found in various locations around the world, including North America, Europe, Africa, and South America, indicating a wide distribution during its existence. The genus is characterized by its unique combination of primitive and advanced features.

One of the most distinctive traits of Squalodon is its dentition. Unlike modern toothed whales that have differentiated teeth suited for different prey, Squalodon possessed homodont teeth, meaning all of its teeth were similar in shape and size, resembling those of sharks, which is reflected in its genus name. These teeth were conical and serrated, suggesting a diet of fish and squid.

Squalodon is classified within the order Cetacea, but its precise phylogenetic position has been a subject of debate. It is considered to be a member of the extinct family Squalodontidae. Early interpretations placed it closer to primitive cetaceans, while later analyses suggest it may have been a stem group within the Odontoceti (toothed whales). The discovery of more complete fossil remains has helped to refine our understanding of its anatomy, including its skull structure and likely swimming capabilities. Squalodon represents an important transitional form in the evolutionary history of cetaceans, bridging the gap between earlier whale ancestors and more modern cetacean groups.