Spatialdomain
Spatial domain refers to the domain of image coordinates in which pixel values are defined. In this context, image processing operations are performed directly on the pixels and their local neighborhoods, without converting the image to another domain such as frequency or wavelet domains. The spatial domain contrasts with transform-domain methods that manipulate spectral components after applying a mathematical transform.
Common spatial-domain techniques include linear filtering implemented by convolution with a kernel. Smoothing methods such as
In contrast to frequency-domain approaches—where transforms such as the Fourier transform reveal and manipulate an image’s
Common challenges in spatial-domain processing include boundary handling, computational cost for large kernels, and the potential