Solujaksoja

Solujaksoja, often translated as cell cycle, refers to the series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell leading to its division and duplication. This process is fundamental to growth, development, and reproduction in multicellular organisms. The cell cycle is a tightly regulated sequence of phases, ensuring that chromosomes are replicated accurately and then distributed to daughter cells.

The cell cycle is broadly divided into two main periods: interphase and the mitotic phase (M phase). Interphase is the longest part of the cycle, where the cell grows, carries out its normal metabolic functions, and prepares for division. Interphase is further subdivided into three stages: G1 phase (first gap), S phase (synthesis), and G2 phase (second gap). During G1, the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles. In S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in each chromosome consisting of two identical sister chromatids. G2 phase involves further growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for mitosis.

The M phase includes mitosis, the division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis is further divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, each characterized by specific changes in chromosome structure and location. Following mitosis, cytokinesis divides the cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. The cell cycle is controlled by a complex network of regulatory proteins, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which act as checkpoints to ensure the fidelity of the process and prevent errors that could lead to diseases like cancer.