Solamargine

Solamargine is a naturally occurring glycoalkaloid found in plants of the Solanum genus, most notably in the potato and tomato. It is one of the most abundant glycoalkaloids in these species, along with solanine. Solamargine is composed of a solasodine aglycone, which is a steroidal alkaloid, linked to a disaccharide chain consisting of rhamnose and glucose.

The presence of solamargine in edible plants like potatoes is a subject of interest due to its potential biological activities. Research has explored solamargine for its cytotoxic properties, with studies investigating its effects on various cancer cell lines. Some in vitro research suggests that solamargine may induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cancer cells and inhibit their proliferation.

However, it is important to note that the significance of these findings in the context of human consumption is still under investigation. The concentration of solamargine in food plants can vary significantly depending on factors such as plant variety, growing conditions, and storage. While higher concentrations can contribute to bitterness and potentially cause gastrointestinal distress in humans, the levels typically found in commercially available potatoes and tomatoes are generally considered safe. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and toxicological profile of solamargine.