SodiumBicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate, with the chemical formula NaHCO3, is a white, crystalline powder commonly known as baking soda. It occurs naturally as the mineral nahcolite and is produced commercially for a wide range of uses. In water it is mildly basic and highly soluble, and it thermally decomposes to release carbon dioxide and water.

Sodium bicarbonate is used as a leavening agent in baking, where carbon dioxide generated during mixing and heating causes dough to rise. It also serves as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion, a buffering and cleaning agent, and a mild abrasive in some toothpaste formulations. In household and industrial cleaning, it neutralizes acids and deodorizes materials. It appears in the food industry as a source of acidity regulation (for example, as a pH adjuster) and in some fire suppression products as a dry chemical.

Commercial production typically involves the perception that sodium bicarbonate is formed by the reaction of sodium carbonate with carbon dioxide and water: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NaHCO3. It can also be obtained by mining natural nahcolite and processing it into a refined product. Upon strong heating, sodium bicarbonate decomposes to sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water.

Safety and storage considerations are straightforward: sodium bicarbonate is generally considered safe for common culinary and household use when used as directed. Large doses can cause gastrointestinal discomfort or metabolic disturbances. It should be stored in a cool, dry, tightly closed container to prevent moisture uptake and clumping.