Sociometria

Sociometria is a quantitative method for studying relationships within groups. Developed by Jacob L. Moreno in the 1930s, it aims to understand the social structure by examining the attractions and repulsions between individuals. The core of sociometria involves asking group members to identify individuals they prefer to interact with and those they prefer to avoid in specific contexts, such as working on a project or socializing.

The data collected through these choices is then analyzed using sociograms, which are visual representations of the group's interpersonal dynamics. Sociograms map out the connections, showing patterns like mutual choices, unilateral choices, chains of choices, and isolates. This analysis helps to identify leaders, popular individuals, cliques, and those who may be socially isolated or rejected.

Sociometria has applications in various fields, including education, psychology, and organizational management. In schools, it can help teachers understand classroom dynamics and identify students who might be struggling socially. In businesses, it can be used to assess team cohesion, improve communication, and optimize group performance by understanding the underlying social relationships. The method is designed to be objective and to provide insights that can lead to interventions aimed at improving group functioning and individual well-being within the group.