Snödjupet

Snödjupet, or snow depth, is a meteorological variable that describes the vertical distance from the ground to the surface of the snow cover. It is usually expressed in centimeters or meters and is distinct from snow water equivalent, which measures the amount of water contained in the snowpack.

Measurements are taken at designated observation points, typically with a ruler or dipstick, and are often recorded hourly or daily. To minimize local bias, observers use sheltered spots away from drifts and the ground. Automatic snow depth sensors are also used at some stations.

The depth varies with time and place, increasing with snowfall and decreasing due to melting, compaction, sublimation, and wind-driven redistribution. The density of snow changes as it ages, so the same depth can correspond to different amounts of water depending on recent weather.

Geographic patterns reflect climate and topography: mountainous and continental regions tend to have deeper snow in winter, while milder or arid regions have little or no snow. Local factors such as vegetation, urbanization, and wind can create significant local variations in depth (drifts).

Snow depth is important for hydrology, flood forecasting, avalanche risk assessment, and infrastructure and transportation planning. It also affects energy balance and ecosystems by insulating the ground.

In Sweden, snödjupet is routinely tracked and published as part of national weather observations by the meteorological service, and is included in climate data records.