Smøring

Smøring is the process of applying a lubricant to reduce friction between moving surfaces in machinery, to minimize wear, dissipate heat, seal gaps, and protect against corrosion and contamination. The term derives from the Norwegian verb smøre, meaning to smear or grease, and is used in Scandinavian languages to denote lubrication in engineering, automotive, and industrial contexts.

Lubricants are generally categorized as liquids (oils), semi-solids (greases), and solids (dry lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide). Oils provide rapid heat removal and are used in high-speed components, while greases stay in place and are suitable for slow, load-bearing parts. Dry lubricants are used where liquids are impractical or when a clean environment is required. Selection depends on operating temperature, load, speed, and environmental conditions.

Lubrication regimes include hydrodynamic or elastohydrodynamic lubrication in which a full lubricant film separates surfaces, boundary lubrication where protective films are thin, and mixed regimes. Key properties for selection include viscosity, operating temperature, load, speed, and rotation direction. Viscosity changes with temperature; overly thin oil offers insufficient film, overly thick oil reduces efficiency and may trap heat. Additives can improve oxidation resistance, corrosion protection, and anti-wear performance.

Practical aspects: identify lubrication points, use appropriate lubricants, and apply with correct amounts. Manual lubrication, grease fittings, and centralized lubrication systems are common. Keep lubricants clean and dry, replace contaminated oil, and follow manufacturer intervals or condition-based monitoring (e.g., oil analysis, vibration).

Environmental and safety considerations include proper handling, storage, spill prevention, and disposal. Some lubricants pose health or environmental risks; choosing biodegradable or low-toxicity options when possible reduces impact. Regular maintenance of lubrication reduces downtime and extends equipment life.