Skuldertumorer

Skuldertumorer are tumors located in the shoulder region, arising from the bones of the shoulder girdle (scapula, clavicle, proximal humerus) or from the surrounding soft tissues. They can be benign or malignant. Because the shoulder is complex in anatomy, tumors here may affect bone integrity, joint movement or soft tissue function, and symptoms can range from a painless lump to shoulder pain, swelling or reduced range of motion.

Benign tumors in the shoulder region include bone lesions such as osteochondroma and enchondroma, as well as fibrous lesions like fibrous dysplasia or nonossifying fibromas. Soft tissue examples include lipoma, elastofibroma dorsi, and various benign fibrous or vascular tumors. Malignant tumors in the shoulder area are less common but important to recognize; these include primary bone sarcomas such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, and soft tissue sarcomas such as synovial sarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. Metastatic tumors to the shoulder region from cancers elsewhere (for example breast or lung cancer) may also occur.

Clinical evaluation typically starts with a physical examination, followed by imaging. X-ray is usually the first step, with MRI providing detailed information about involvement of bone and soft tissue. CT may be used for bone assessment, and biopsy is often necessary to establish the exact diagnosis and guide treatment.

Treatment depends on type and extent. Benign tumors may be monitored or removed surgically when they cause symptoms or threaten function. Malignant tumors require a multidisciplinary approach, commonly involving surgical resection with clear margins, and may include chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Prognosis varies by tumor type, size, location, and stage at diagnosis. Patients with suspicious shoulder lesions should seek prompt medical evaluation.