Skorbuut

Skorbuut is a condition caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that provides structure to skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage. It also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage.

Symptoms of skorbuut typically develop over several months of inadequate vitamin C intake. Early signs can be vague and include fatigue, irritability, and general malaise. As the deficiency progresses, more specific symptoms emerge. These include bleeding gums, which may become swollen and purplish, and loose teeth. Skin may become dry, rough, and prone to bruising. Small, red or purple spots, known as petechiae, can appear on the skin, particularly around hair follicles. Joint pain and swelling are also common, and in severe cases, bleeding into the joints can occur. Impaired wound healing is another hallmark of skorbuut.

Historically, skorbuut was prevalent among sailors on long voyages who had limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. The addition of citrus fruits to their diet, famously introduced by James Lind in the 18th century, dramatically reduced its incidence. Today, skorbuut is rare in developed countries but can still occur in individuals with extremely poor diets, alcoholism, or certain malabsorption disorders. Treatment involves vitamin C supplementation, and symptoms usually improve rapidly once intake is restored.