Skjaldvakabólga

Skjaldvakabólga, also known as thyroiditis, is a general term for inflammation of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism. Inflammation of this gland can affect its function, leading to either an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), or a temporary phase of both.

There are several types of thyroiditis, each with different causes and characteristics. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This is a common cause of hypothyroidism. Subacute thyroiditis, also known as de Quervain's thyroiditis, is thought to be caused by a viral infection and typically presents with neck pain and tenderness. Postpartum thyroiditis can occur in women after childbirth and may be transient. Silent thyroiditis is similar to postpartum thyroiditis but can affect both men and women and is not associated with pregnancy.

Symptoms of skjaldvakabólga vary depending on the type and whether the thyroid is overactive or underactive. General symptoms can include fatigue, weight changes, changes in heart rate, temperature intolerance, and a goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). Diagnosis usually involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid antibodies, as well as imaging techniques like ultrasound. Treatment depends on the specific type of thyroiditis and whether thyroid function is abnormal. In some cases, no treatment is needed if the inflammation is temporary and thyroid function returns to normal.