Självbestämningsteori

Självbestämningsteori, often abbreviated as SDT, is a macro theory of human motivation and personality developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. It focuses on the innate psychological needs that drive human behavior. The theory posits that individuals have three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Autonomy refers to the need to feel volitional and in control of one's own behaviors and goals. Competence is the need to feel effective in one's interactions with the environment and to experience mastery. Relatedness is the need to feel connected to others and to experience a sense of belonging.

According to self-determination theory, the satisfaction of these three needs is essential for psychological growth, well-being, and optimal functioning. When these needs are met, individuals are more likely to experience intrinsic motivation, engagement, and higher quality performance. Conversely, when these needs are thwarted, it can lead to diminished motivation, lower well-being, and various psychological difficulties.

The theory distinguishes between different types of motivation, broadly categorized as autonomous and controlled. Autonomous motivation encompasses both intrinsic motivation (doing something for its inherent satisfaction) and identified and integrated regulation (internalizing external values and goals). Controlled motivation includes external regulation (acting to gain rewards or avoid punishment) and introjected regulation (acting due to guilt or pressure). Self-determination theory suggests that fostering autonomous motivation leads to more positive outcomes.