Silmänpohjassa

Silmänpohjassa, known scientifically as the fundus, refers to the posterior inner surface of the eye. It is a critical area for vision and is examined during a comprehensive eye examination. The fundus includes the retina, the optic disc, the macula, and blood vessels. The retina is a light-sensitive tissue that converts light into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain for interpretation as images. The optic disc, often called the blind spot, is where the optic nerve leaves the eye and contains no photoreceptors. The macula is a small, specialized area of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, essential for tasks like reading and recognizing faces. The blood vessels visible in the fundus, the retinal arteries and veins, supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Abnormalities in the appearance of the fundus can indicate a variety of eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and hypertension. Specialized instruments like ophthalmoscopes and fundus cameras are used by eye care professionals to visualize and document the silmänpohjassa.