Silikatdamm

Silikatdamm, often translated as “silicate dam,” is a barrier designed to reduce or stop the flow of liquids or gases through soil or rock using silicate-based materials. The approach is used in civil, environmental, and mining engineering to control seepage, isolate contaminants, or stabilize groundwater pressures.

The barrier is usually created by injecting water-soluble silicates, such as sodium or potassium silicate (water glass), into the ground. On contact with silica minerals or lime in the soil, the solution polymerizes to form a gel or cementing matrix that binds particles and lowers permeability.

Construction methods include curtain grouting, permeation grouting, or surface sealing, chosen according to geology and the required extent of sealing. Applications include seepage control around dams or embankments, groundwater containment in contamination zones, sealing tunnel or mining voids, and remediation projects where rapid hydraulic hardening is advantageous.

Performance varies with geology and chemistry; benefits include rapid setting, good chemical resistance to many groundwater constituents, and compatibility with conventional construction practices. Limitations include brittleness, potential shrinkage, sensitivity to pH and mineralogy, and the need for long-term monitoring and maintenance.

Terminology and practice vary by region; silikatdamm may be described as chemical grouting or silicate-based sealing in some codes and standards.