Silikaatmineraali

Silikaatmineraali is a broad category of minerals that are composed of silicon and oxygen, along with other elements. This group is the most abundant and significant in Earth's crust, making up over 90% of its volume. The fundamental building block of all silicates is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, a structure where a silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. These tetrahedra can link together in various ways to form different silicate structures, influencing the mineral's properties.

Common examples of silicates include quartz, feldspar, mica, and olivine. Quartz, with its simple structure, is known for its hardness and transparency. Feldspars are a group of minerals that are essential components of many rocks. Micas are characterized by their perfect cleavage, allowing them to be split into thin sheets. Olivine is a prominent mineral in the Earth's mantle. Silicate minerals are crucial for many geological processes, forming the backbone of rocks like granite, basalt, and sandstone. Their diverse compositions and structures lead to a wide range of physical properties, including hardness, cleavage, color, and density, which are important for mineral identification and understanding Earth's geology.