Sicilianu

Sicilianu, or Sicilian, is the language spoken on the island of Sicily and by Sicilian communities elsewhere. It is a Romance language with its own distinctive vocabulary, phonology, and syntax, though many speakers also use standard Italian. Sicilianu exists in a variety of forms across the island and in diaspora communities, particularly in North America, South America, and parts of Europe.

Classification and history

Linguists differ on whether Sicilianu is best described as a separate language or as a highly divergent Italo-Dalmatian dialect of Italian. It descends from Latin brought to the island during Roman expansion and was subsequently shaped by a succession of rulers and cultures, including Arabs, Greeks, Normans, and Spaniards. The medieval Sicilian School, active in the 13th century under Frederick II, is noted for contributing to the development of Italian literature and for the distinct early features that influenced later standard Italian. In modern times, Sicilianu has faced pressure from Italian but remains a living language in daily use, folk songs, theater, and local media.

Dialects and writing

Sicilianu comprises several regional dialects, with noticeable variation in pronunciation and vocabulary from west to east across Sicily. It is written using the Latin alphabet; there is no universally accepted standard orthography, and writers often reflect pronunciation in their spelling. A body of dictionaries, grammars, and literary works supports its use, and there are ongoing efforts to document, preserve, and promote the language.

Status and preservation

In Italy, Sicilianu is recognized as part of the regional linguistic heritage, though it is not the national language. It enjoys support from cultural associations, local initiatives, and some bilingual educational programs. The language also benefits from media, festivals, and online resources, with ongoing efforts to revitalize and maintain its use among younger generations.